What role does a transformer play in electrical systems?

A transformer is an essential component in electrical systems primarily because it changes the voltage level of alternating current electricity. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction and are used to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels while keeping power (minus losses) consistent.

When alternating current passes through the primary winding of a transformer, it creates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the secondary winding. Depending on the turns ratio of the windings, this can either raise or lower the voltage. This ability to adjust voltage levels is crucial for ensuring that electricity is distributed safely and efficiently across various applications, from high-voltage transmission lines to household use.

Additionally, while transformers do have the effect of altering current levels as a result of changes in voltage (Ohm's law states that voltage and current are inversely related for a constant resistance), their primary role is to modify the voltage. Thus, focusing on the aspect of voltage change encapsulates the fundamental purpose of transformers in electrical systems rather than simply looking at their effects on current.

The other options do not accurately reflect the true function of a transformer in electrical systems. For example, transformers do not convert AC to DC voltage, as that is the role of rectifiers. They also do