What distinguishes analog signals from digital signals?

Analog signals are characterized by their smooth and continuous variations in amplitude or frequency, representing data in a way that reflects real-world phenomena. In contrast, digital signals are composed of discrete values, which typically consist of binary code—this means they represent information as a series of 0s and 1s. The distinction lies in how each type of signal encodes information: analog signals capture a range of values, creating a seamless representation, while digital signals jump between specific values, making them suited to represent information in a format that is more resilient to noise and interference.

The other options do not accurately describe the primary characteristics that differentiate analog from digital signals. For example, the idea that analog signals are discrete while digital signals are continuous is incorrect; it is the other way around. Similarly, the notion that analog signals can be easily amplified but digital signals cannot overlooks the significant advancements in digital technology which allow for effective signal amplification and processing. Lastly, stating that analog signals operate at higher frequencies than digital signals is not a defining characteristic of the two types of signals, as frequency usage can vary widely within both signal types depending on the specific application.