How does a microprocessor differ from a microcontroller?

A microcontroller integrates a CPU with other essential components such as RAM, ROM, input/output ports, and timers on a single chip, allowing it to perform a specific task efficiently. This integration makes microcontrollers ideal for embedded systems, where space and power efficiency are important factors. They are often utilized in applications such as home appliances, automotive systems, and robotics, where dedicated control is needed.

In contrast, a microprocessor typically serves as the central processing unit for a computer system and requires additional components like external RAM, ROM, and input/output interfaces to function. This separation means that while microprocessors can handle more complex computing tasks and are often used in general-purpose computing applications, they are less efficient for dedicated tasks that a microcontroller is designed for.

This fundamental distinction in design and application underscores why the integration found in a microcontroller is significant, making it the correct choice in highlighting the difference between the two types of technology.