How do active components differ from passive components?

Active components are defined by their ability to amplify or generate energy within a circuit, which is a fundamental characteristic that distinguishes them from passive components. Active components, such as transistors and op-amps, can control and manage energy flow, thus allowing them to perform functions like amplification of signals or voltage conversion. This capability is essential in various applications, including audio equipment, radio frequency devices, and digital circuits, where signal strength needs to be modified or generated.

In contrast, passive components, such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors, do not have this ability to amplify or generate energy. Instead, they can only store, dissipate, or resist energy in the form of electrical signals. Essentially, passive components rely on the energy provided by active components to function effectively within a circuit.

While some other options mention energy consumption and power sources, they do not encapsulate the definitive role of active components in creating or amplifying energy as the selected answer does. The focus on amplification and generation provides a clearer distinction that aligns with the fundamental principles of electronic components.